The Pakistan Journal of Science (PJS) is a multidisciplinary journal publishing quality articles of natural sciences covering variety of topics in science and technology. PJS aims to bring together researchers, students, scientists and academicians from all over the world who work skillfully to improve status of humanity by their philosophies and research potential. PJS encourages the research and development of state-of-the-art technology through quality research and practices. All research and review articles are pre-reviewed by reviewers from within Pakistan and abroad editors, senior editor and Editor-in-Chief and if appropriate, sent for blind peer review. PJS is an open access journal that publishes papers in English the submitted papers are available freely with online full-text content upon receiving the final versions, and is indexed at major academic databases. Topical areas of interest include, but are not limited to: